What is the difference in annual stability between manganese copper alloy resistors and constantan alloy resistors?

There is a significant difference in annual stability between manganese copper alloy resistors and constantan alloy resistors, mainly reflected in the stability of resistance values over time.
Annual stability of manganese copper alloy resistors
Manganese copper alloy resistors are known for their excellent annual stability. This stability originates from the characteristics of the manganese copper alloy material itself, which enables the resistance value to remain relatively stable for a long time and is not easily affected by external environmental factors that cause significant changes. Therefore, manganese copper alloy resistors are often used in applications that require high precision and long-term stability, such as precision measuring instruments and the production of standard resistors.
Annual Stability of Copper Alloy Resistors
In contrast, although the annual stability of constantan alloy resistors is also good, it is usually slightly inferior to manganese copper alloy resistors. The resistance value of copper alloy resistors may fluctuate over a long period of time, although this fluctuation may be relatively small, it may become a key factor in applications that require extremely high stability. However, copper alloy resistors may have advantages in other aspects such as temperature coefficient of resistance, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance, so the selection still needs to be based on specific needs in practical applications.
summary
In summary, manganese copper alloy resistors perform better in terms of annual stability and are more suitable for applications that require high precision and long-term stability. Although the annual stability of copper alloy resistors is slightly inferior, they still hold an irreplaceable position in certain specific applications due to their other advantages, such as a wide operating temperature range, good corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance. When selecting resistors, various factors should be weighed according to specific application scenarios and requirements to choose the most suitable type of resistor.